Symmetrical neutralized mounting of amplifiers of large power for short waves



Aug. 29, 1950 H. GRUMEL SYMMETRICAL NEUTRALIZED MOUNTING OF AMPLIFIERS OF LARGE POWER FOR SHORT WAVES 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed May 5. 1945 H. GRUMEL SYMMETRICAL NEUTRALIZED MOUNTING OF AMPLIFIERS Aug. 29, 1950 OF LARGE POWER FOR SHORT WAVES 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed May 5. 1945 ZZ've/vr an.

A E/We/ QIFuMEL Wl w Patented Aug. 29, 1950 SYMMETRICAL NEUTRALIZED MOUNTING OF AMPLIFIERS OF LARGE POWER FOR SHORT WAVES Henri 'Grumel, Paris, France, assignor to Societe Francaise Radio-Electrique, a corporation of France Application May 5, 1945, Serial No. 592,097 In France February 27, 1941 Section 1, Public Law 690, August 8, 1946 Patent expires February 27, 1961 7 Claim.

This invention is for improvements relating to symmetrical neutralized mountings of amplifiers operating with short waves of great power.

The principal object of the invention is to nullify in the mountings of amplifiers of the above nature, any reaction between the input circuit and the output circuit, by means of a simple arrangement in such manner as to permit the working of the amplifier in a sufficiently extended range of wave lengths without having to regulate other members than the tuning elements of the anode and grid oscillating circuits. A further object of the invention is to reduce to a minimum the apparent power put into play in the output circuits, by the reduction of the parasite capacities.

The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In these drawings:

, Figure 1 shows the arrangement according to the invention in principle and quite diagrammat ically;

Figure 2 is a diagram showing the electrical circuit of the said arrangement;

Figures 3 and 4 are respectively an elevation of and vertical section through the mounting of the elements of the device according to the in: vention in connection with the valve; and

Figures 5 and 6 are respectively a longitudinal section and side view of those elements which are connected with the tuning elements of the grid oscillating circuit. (Figures 3 and 5 represent one form of embodiment respectively of the upper left hand portion and the upper central portion of Figure 1.)

Amplifiers according to the invention are of a known type designated neutralized-push-pull amplifiers. Such an amplifier comprises essentially (see Fig. 2)

a. Two electron discharge devices'Ll, L2.

17. An input circuit CE connected between the con trol grids GIGZ of the valves LILZ, the point of "symmetry 0 being grounded.

. An output circuit Cs connected between the anodes A1A2, the point of symmetry 01 being also grounded.

. Two neutralizing capacities A1N1 and AzNz connected respectively between the anode A1 and the grid G2 and between the anode A and grid G1. The function of these capacities'is to neutralize the coupling efiects between the input and output circuits, effects which are dueto the anode-grid capacities of each valve; these latter capacities and the neutralizing capacities constitute the four elements of a Wheatstone bridge, and since this bridge is kept in a. state of balance, current variations in the output circuit forming one diagonal or the bridge exert no influence on the input circuit forming the other diagonal.

A first characteristic of the invention consists I the inductive tension drop along conductors C1 and D1, and the ideal would be when points E Ez coincide with 0. But in practice, points E1112 have different potentials and must be kept separate and must be insulated from point 0 which a is grounded. They are therefore brought as close conductors inside grid conductors; but such an arrangement used alone in neutralized push-pull amplifiers would bringforth defective results as will be explained presently.

' Assume as follows:

I the self-induction coefiicient of each of grid,

conductors C1, C2

m the coefficient of mutual induction between each cathode conductor D1 or D and rounding grid conductor C1 or Ce;

L the self-induction coefiicient of each of the neutralizing connections N '1 and Nz;

M the coefiicient of mutual induction between the neutralizing connections N1 and N '2 z the intensity of the high frequency current 15- .suing from the anode circuit; i 1

w the angular velocity of current i.

The drop of inductive potential along grid con ductor C1 is:

' v=l.w.i

saying that the current i would influence. the

the sur'-' 15 independence of current i; which amounts to difference of potential between points 0 and E,

if cathode conductor D1 were not surrounded by grid conductor G1. .As this surroundingiisiprovided, the current i flowing in grid conductor C1 induces in cathode conductor D1 an electro-motive force Now, the coefficient of mutual induction between two concentric conductors iseq ualtothc.

cathode conductors are constitutedby enifielepesf of relatively large section and consequentiy their self-induction coeflicient l is appreciably asmaiier than the self-induction coefficient L of the neutralizing connections. .N1--and-.Na. Now, neutnalized. push pull amplifiers, a current .1 flows also inaneutralizing connections N1 and .N'e, and-the drop of potential along this connection is:

.c ..L.w-.i V p (.3)- --'1As"l is smaller than L, v givenby l) --is smaller than 1) -given by (3), which -am'eunts to saying that' the cur-rent 2" would infiuen'ee'the difference of potential between points Er and-F' and there would be. a"reaction-of the output circuit-Cebu the input-circuit CE. This'drawb'ack' is avoided-if, according to the second characteristic ofthe nv'ention, means are provided for giving to ca the. neutralizing connections 'N'1 and N'z'ia re actance'R" equal tothereactance R' of each-of the' grid conductors G1 and'Cz (under-theterm reactance, it is understood the-reactive-resistance opposed to the flowing'of current'z) :Ihe drop of inductive potential along "conductor (31' or (his then:

' 'v'=Rz' (4).

and the :drop of inductive potenti'al aIoneg ednne'ctiansN'rbrzN' zisz The equality -:of 5B B. causes thecequality of v and .221, and. the icurrentxi. hasrrno. influence on the input circuit CE.

- .Ars'im-ple :means -01- ?havi'ng -R:=R consists in coupling the connections NrN'g so thatxthenco eificient M :of mutua'l induction between them equals: :the-difierence. of selfeinduction coefiicients L andzlihereinbeiore defined.

The connections N'1 and-Nz being socoupl ed, and the current i flowing inopposite directions in these connections, the reactance of each .of them is":

that is the-:reactanceiR inf-grid. conductorsffl a or 6 4 heating currents which may attain and even ex- .ceedfifii) A. is difficult to carryout owing to the presence oi ithe grid conducterstcri Various suggestions of grid conductors detach- ;able in several parts have been made, but the placing in position thereof is long and compli- "cated. ;.It has nowbeen found that it is not at all'necessaryfthatfthe grid conductors be constituted'by completely closed envelopes. Aper- 'tures -oi even considerable extent may be made 'them'=whfle preserving entirely the advantages of the mountinghprovided the apertures and the inner conductors are properly arranged.

According to the invention, the following pracl. tica-l arrang.emerrt, given by way of example, is

carried out, which ofiers numerous advantages: In this...embodiment, the grid conductor C1 of Figure 1 comprises threeparts: 1. A hood C'1 (Figsfi3 and ilperforated or otherwise, in cast onstamp'ewmetal coversthe top 'ofthe valveand fixed, either directly over the grid 'outlets* G1; G1 or on theglass bulb; and in this iatter case is'joinedby fiexibleioonnectionsftothe grid outlets. fThe] filament outlets Ff1,"F1-'pass through thishood atthe top ther of and'at the centre, They consist either of iblaplates or of rigid terminals which it ,1 visableto fix, with theinterposition of ins'uieiitors'I bet-Weenthe outlets and thehood -2.An apertured plate or ring-like elemcnt'itr (see Figs. '5 and 6) which isfixe'd relative the frame supporting'the "whole assembly. This plate is a cast piece and :materi'a-lizes' point "Er ti Figure "1 'while a similar plateEz syrnin'etr any positioned (Fig. 5) materializes poiritEroFFigjl.

Insulators such'asJ f xed relatively to plates E1 and E2 support connecting1rods or bar's If-"f and [2 to which are attached terminals fSIIQhiZZlS I B to whichinturn*are;attached fiexiblefjleads D's-constituting"apart ofthecatho'de condu or D2 of Figure l. Externally plates E1 and E2 a number-of different bosses; one atth'e .iiijper part to take thesel f-inductance L'ofthe'oscilljating circuit, others-at the l owerp'art to takeithe blocks of the fixed armaturesof the variable tuning condens'er 5H2 of Fig. .2 and I the neutralizing connections N1, N'f zand othersjon'the lateral faces to takethe d etachablefeede .eemerits M1, M2 of connection with the valvaiwliich are heldibyfixing screws K. r g 33. A medium portion "or envelope partially opened M1 "(Figs 5andf6).sconnecting hoodqfi. of the tube to fixed plate "E 1. For establishing. theconnections for the tube,.the'filam entis connected by means of "flexible leads [Dfz which involves 110 v 'difliculty since at this time the jinx-f.- dium "portion constituted byan inverted channel enclosure or split casing such as M1 has not'beeii assembled. The 'n'extste'p is to positihn this pertionsurrounding the "filament connections andtoifix iton-the'onehand to plate Eibyscrews such as K, and onxthe. other hand .to hood fC'i by'iscrewsiK' mortified-Jon said hood Gjs'ee' Fig's. .and) Location of "the tubes is therefore j ust as easy as with conventional assemblies. 1

'Itrisof advantage to use the features hereinhefore' described, 'inassociation featuresjdescribed; in U. Patent 12270;!57, granted Lon applicationfserial- Number} 93152, filed September 2, 'I939,'relating to 'thefsarne kind of amplifiers. For-instance, to use neutralizing capacities cons'tituted by the respective anodes of the v aiyes andcylinders surrounding these anodes-anticandensers of the outputfcircuit constitutedbyithe 75 respective lower parts o'f'the: anodes andan adjustable plate, such as S on Fig. l, situated below these lower parts.

The invention is not limited to the embodiments herein described or illustrated; and many modifications may be contemplated without departing from the scope of the invention; for instance, instead of triodes with external anode there may be used valves with more than three electrodes or valves with electrodes situated in side a glass bulb.

What I claim is:

l. A neutralized push-pull amplifier including two electron discharge devices or valves having each at least one anode, a cathode and a grid; an input circuit connected between the grids of said valves and having a point of symmetry; two cathode conductors for connecting respectively the cathodes of said valves to said point. of symmetry; an output circuit connected between the anodes of said valves; two neutralizing capacities respectively connected to saidanodes; two intermediate points situated on each side of the axis of symmetry through said point of symmetry and only very slightly spaced from said point; two grid conductors for connecting said grids respectively to said intermediate points, said grid conductors surrounding respectively said cathode conductors; two neutralizing connections for connecting respectively said intermediate points to said neutralizing capacities so that the anode of each valve is connected to the grid of the other valve through one of said neutralizing capaci ties; and means provided for giving to each of said neutralizing connections a reactance equal to the reactance of each of said grid conductors.

2. A neutralized push-pull amplifier as claimed in claim 1, wherein each grid conductor includes: a hood connected to the grid outlet, a fixed apertured plate situated at the intermediate point of the valve under consideration, and a removable envelope connected on one side with the hood and on the other side with the fixed apertured plate.

3. A neutralized push-pull amplifier as claimed in claim 1, wherein each grid conductor includes: a hood connected to the grid outlet, a fixed apertured plate situated at the intermediate point of the valve under consideration, and a split casing connected by easily detachable means on one side with said hood and on the other side with said fixed apertured plate.

4. A neutralized push-pull amplifier as claimed in claim 1, wherein each grid conductor includes: a hood connected to the grid outlet, a fixed apertured plate situated at the intermediate point of the valve under consideration, and a removable envelope connected on one side with the hood and on the other side with the fixed apertured plate, and wherein the conductors connected to the neutralizing capacities, the fixed plates of the condenser of the grid circuit and the self inductance of this circuit are fixed on the aforesaid fixed apertured plates.

5. A valve for neutralized push-pull amplifier as claimed in claim 1 comprising a metallic hood fixed on the valve and connected to the control grid outlet of the valve.

6. A valve for neutralized push-pull amplifier as claimed in claim 1, comprising a metallic hood fixed on the valve and connected to the control grid outlet of the valve, an insulating piece fixed on said hood, and cathode terminals fixed on said insulating piece.

7. A neutralizing push pull amplifier including two electron discharge devices or valves having each at least an anode, a cathode and a grid; an input circuit connected between the grids of said valves and having a point of symmetry; two cathode conductors for connectin respectively the cathodes of said valves to said point of symmetry, an output circuit connected between the anodes of said valves; two neutralizing capacities respectively connected to said anodes two inter mediate points situated on each side of the axis of symmetry through said point of symmetry and only very slightly spaced from said point; two grid conductors for connecting said grids respectively to said intermediate points, said grid conductors surrounding respectively said cathode conductors; two neutralizing connections for connecting respectively said intermediate pointsto said neutralizing capacities so that the anode of each valve is connected to the grid of the other valve through one of said neutralizing capacities, said neutralizing connections being so arranged as to be inductively coupled together, the mutual induction coefficient of the coupling being equal to the difference between the self-induction coeflicient of one of said neutralizing connections and the selfinduction coefiicient of one of said grid conductors.

HENRI GRUMEL.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,995,339 Buschbeok Mar. 26, 1935 2,228,939 Zottu Jan. 14, 1941 2,235,414 White Mar. 18, 1941 2,272,062 George Feb. 3, 1942 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 813,706 France Mar. 1, 1937 816,136 France Apr. 26, 1937 

